Green Organization

Green organization and its recruitment policies Introduction If the recruiters are thinking of creating a congruent and authentic employment brand which can help your organization attract, retain and repel employees, there comes the relevance of the word â€Å"green recruiting†. Recruiting, the most important function of HR, which entails attracting the right person for the right job at the right time, is changing its color. Organizations are trying to tap every bit of opportunity, wanting to look different and make a good impression, so that the right candidates with the environment friendly bent of mind apply for jobs. Companies large and small are seeing a significant increase in the ROI of their recruitment and retention programs by creating an employment brand. One deliverable of a significant employment brand is green recruiting practices. This is not a â€Å"flavor of the month† or a new concept. Fortune 500 companies have been doing it for years. Continuously hearing words like eco-friendly, green, environment etc for the past few years, even the young generation has also attracted towards this concept. So they are also looking for an organization which is environment friendly. In June, 2007 Dr John Sullivan wrote, â€Å"While candidates of all generations have begun evaluating potential employers based on their â€Å"greenness† few in recruiting have leveraged this hot topic in recruitment communication and activities†. He goes on to say, â€Å"Individual recruiters need to make the firm’s environmental stance a critical element of their sales pitch to potential applications and candidates†. The time has come for all employers to assess the degree of ‘greenness’ in which they operate. So, all the companies now a days are trying to portray themselves as eco friendly companies. Organizations like Google and Timberland have made concerted efforts in portraying themselves as environment friendly organizations, having programs that support environment issues. Such programs include: extending $5,000 subsidies for employees who buy hybrid cars, dining facilities that serve organic food, charitable contributions to organizations that fight global warming, on- site composting of food waste and using fuel and solar power etc. Wipro have made concerted efforts in portraying themselves as environment friendly organizations, having programs like launching a new range of eco-friendly desktops and laptops. The Wipro Greenware range is compliant with RoHS (Restriction of hazardous substances) directive, thereby reducing e-waste. Why green recruiting? It’s good to be Green. That's what a lot of companies are finding, as they integrate environmentalism and sustainability into their corporate culture. Not only is environmentalism good for the community and the planet, it can help employees reduce waste and operate more efficiently. Companies tout their environmental initiatives in annual reports, core values, community activities and even advertising. Yet, companies often fail to leverage their environmental efforts in one key area: and that's recruiting, meaning they are missing a key opportunity – as studies show a commitment to environmentalism and sustainability can be a factor the most desirable candidates weigh when choosing an employer. ? Studies have shown that many Gen Y and college grads are concerned, or at least conscious, about how their behavior impacts the environment. What they consume, how it is packaged, what they drive and where they live are conscious choices that are made every day. In the context of employment branding, green information should be positioned appropriately on the company website, career page or in a recruitment video. This approach can be a significant differentiator for a company that is interested in attracting top talent. There is no argument that the demand for sustainable practices is increasing. †¢ 80% of current employees want to work for a â€Å"good company† (one that has a good reputation for environmental responsibility) and this percentage is expected to grow to 90% in the next 10 years. (Corporate Environmental Behavior and the Impact on Brand Values – Tandberg, 2007. †¢ 77% of recent MBA graduates would forego some income to work for a firm with a credible sustainability strategy. (Stanford Graduate School Study, 2007). †¢ Companies that use sustainable business practices are approximately 3% more profitable than those that don’t. (empirical analysis 2007 – Innovest Strategic Advisors. ) ? College graduates are increasingly seeking a company that is environment friendly. According to the survey commissioned by Maynard, mass based on-line board’s decision for college students, 80% of them opined that they are interested in a job that has a strong and positive influence on the environment. Many institutes now offer a dedicated discipline, called â€Å"sustainability†, in the US in order to cater to the needs of student’s overarching demand for fusing business with environment. Things have to a point where jaw- dropping salaries are banished to the back burner and â€Å"going green† has soared in importance, while graduates figure out their employers to be. ? Global candidates are deeply fascinated about it. Countries like Germany, Australia, and Finland are very much attached to the eco- friendly concept. So, if the companies want to recruit global candidates, they must do much more to reach the expectation of these students when it comes to environment. ? Company’s reputation can be increased by being eco friendly. People would prefer to buy the products sold by socially responsible company. Suppliers may prefer doing business with such companies. New alliances and partnerships they can make with other organization to reduce pollution and to protect the Mother Nature. Greenest companies in India A survey conducted by BT- AC Nielsen ORG-MARG, ranked Oil and Natural Gas Company (ONGC) the greenest company followed by Reliance Industries. Overall, the oil and petroleum sector was considered the greenest sector in India. BPCL, Castrol India and HPCL are other companies in this sector that were rated green companies in the survey. The private sector companies were in a majority (13 out of 20) in the list of Top 20 greenest companies in India. India’s software companies are also considered green companies. IT companies are allowed to set up their offices within the city limits. This is because they do not harm the environment. Johnson and Johnson Ltd. , Chillibreeze, IBM, LG Electronics, PNB, Tata Motors and Hero Honda Motors are some of the other green companies in India. These companies not only emphasized upon one another the importance of adopting green technologies, but also of addressing the issues of safety, health, environment and social obligations. So, to implement all these green practices companies should train their employees properly. Through training, to some extend they can make their employees follow go green slogan. But if they don’t have real interest in this concept, these companies can’t make it a great success. That is the reason why they should give more importance to green recruiting which will enable them to obtain right kind of a person for right job and for right organization. Steps to Implement Green Recruiting ? Identify candidate decision criteria: Start by holding focus groups at industry conferences to identify what â€Å"green† factors would be important to individuals seeking new jobs. Next, ask candidates during interviews and on the Web site to list their decision criteria. During orientation, ask those who accepted jobs what criteria they used to make the decision. Finally, contact those who rejected your offers three to six months down the line to identify positives and negatives. Use this information to modify your recruiting processes and focus. Benchmark: Search the Web, benchmark with college recruiters and work with recruiting consultants to identify the best practices of other firms. Use this competitive analysis to gauge your success and to plan your future actions. ? Your Web site: Make sure that both â€Å"what you do† and the results of those efforts are prominent on your corporate careers Web site. Include your recycling statistics, as well as whether you are carbon neutral, limit greenhouse gases or win environmental awards. Include narrative or video profiles of your environmentally conscious employees. If your company policies allow, link your corporate jobs site on major (but primarily nonpolitical) environmental Web sites. ? Be talked about. If you have a strong environmental record, it's important to get â€Å"written up† in business, professional and industry publications as well as in newspapers and on TV. Work with the PR department to identify which of your practices are most likely to be appealing to the media and designate an individual to be available for interviews. ? Recruitment advertising. Advertise in magazines that candidates who are sensitive to the environment are likely to read. Highlight in your recruitment ads a few â€Å"eye-catching† facts and any environmental awards you might have won. If you use brochures or paper recruiting materials, make sure they're from recyclable stock and that it says so on the document. ? Job descriptions. Make sure that, where possible, job descriptions for high-volume hiring positions include responsibilities for minimizing negative environmental impacts. This is critical because if job seekers don't see being environmentally friendly integrated into â€Å"every job† at the company, they might see your â€Å"green recruiting† as merely a PR effort. If you're really serious, include knowledge of environmental impacts under the skills-required section of your job descriptions. ? Interviews. Provide managers with â€Å"green† fact sheets to use during interviews. If you are really aggressive, provide candidates with a side-by-side comparison showing how your firm's environmental record is superior to other firms they might be considering. ? Sourcing. One of the best ways to strengthen your environmental image is to hire lots of environmentally friendly employees who can spread your â€Å"green† story through word of mouth. Have your recruiting team identify the sources that produce the highest-quality environmentally friendly candidates. Source at environmental organizations (i. e. , Sierra Club). Also, recruit at environmental events and use subscription lists from green publications for e-mail and direct-mail recruiting. ? Employer referrals. Having your employees spreading the word will help both recruiting and product sales. If you have the resources, proactively seek out employees who are highly visible in environmental circles and ask them specifically to talk up your firm, to seek out candidates and to provide you with names. Awards. Winning awards for excellence is always a major element of building an employment brand, so obviously winning â€Å"environmental† awards should be a major element of your strategy. ? Advisory group. Ask the advice of six to eight environmentally friendly employees about measuring the quality of the message you are sending and how to reach and convince more a pplicants of your strong â€Å"green† record. ? Products. Obviously, applicants want to know that the products they are helping to produce are environmentally friendly. This means putting pressure on product advertising and marketing to include in your product ads and packaging the fact that your products are eco-friendly. In some industries, how you treat vendors and outsourced work can be important (i. e. , Starbucks, Nike). ? Value statements. Make sure that your corporate goals, values and even corporate business objectives include environmental elements. ? Annual report. Because some applicants take the time to read your annual report, make sure it includes sections that highlight your environmental record and the fact that you recruit environmentally friendly employees. If your firm uses bio-diesel fuel, pays fair market value to suppliers, is energy-efficient or if it buys â€Å"carbon offsets,† highlight these selling points. ? Employee benefits. Consider adding holistic health options, paid time to volunteer for environmental causes, matching donations to green causes, and support for alternative transportation options to your benefit package. ? Reward criteria. Include this factor in the performance-appraisal system for all employees. Obviously, use it as a hiring criterion, but also use it as a critical element in promotions, bonuses and pay increases. Develop metrics and rewards. Because whatever you measure improves and adding rewards to the equation makes the behavior improve even faster, your green-recruiting effort must have metrics and rewards tied to it. Some of the metrics you want to include are the percentage of candidates aware of your strong environmental record, the number who rejects offers because of a poor record and the percentage of new hires who say your environmental record was one of their top-five reasons for accepting the offer. Hold post-exit interviews with your top performers to identify whether environmental factors contributed to their exit. Benefits†¦ When your employees volunteer an environmental clean up effort, getting their picture in the local media serves a dual purpose. Employees receive a form of public recognition for their efforts, and it creates a positive public image. This will also add to the company’s corporate social responsibility practices. Retention efforts can be improved by including creative benefits that specifically address green concerns. Some examples include holistic health benefits, paid time to volunteer for environmental issues, financial support for alternative transportation options such as bus passes or rebates for purchasing hybrid cars, organic snack options in the employee break area, and matching employee contributions to environmental causes. By doing so, company can achieve goodwill as well as can retain and attract employees through its unique benefits offered to them. Conclusion Employees are searching for an authentic work experience where their personal values are in alignment with the organization’s values. Companies that do not give consideration to being green, or just provide â€Å"green washing† lip service may be passed over by potential candidates who don’t wish to be associated with that kind of an organization. To know, whether your company is exactly working on so called ‘green atmosphere’, following questions need to be answered: †¢ Do you have an environmental policy? Is it posted your career site? †¢ Do you have a recycling program? If so are you tracking (and communicating) the amount of money you save and landfill space you have freed up? Are you using recyclable stock on your recruiting materials? †¢ Is sustainability one of our core organizational values? If so, is it listed on your website? †¢ Have you built in any environmental accountability into your performance appraisal system? †¢ Do you incentivize employees in any way to support your environmental policies? †¢ If your company has a reward system involving r edeemable points, do you offer a green option, such as pledged donations to an earth friendly cause? It is necessary for HR Managers to include firm’s eco-friendly messages with the firm’s recruitment process and employer brand. If your business can brag about its environmental savvy, be sure to tell applicants. And don’t just rely on your Web site. Get quoted in articles about environmental initiatives, Use word-of-mouth, asking employees to spread the environmental message, Place job advertisements in magazines read by your target applicants, Provide environmental talking points to emphasize during the interview process, Win environmental awards and attend environmental conferences. Green recruiting helps the company to have its on identity in its recruitment practices when compared to all the other companies. Finally, just as with other goals, the only way to know the long term effects of going green on the company’s employment brand is to review appropriate HR metrics including effects on recruitment, retention, employee satisfaction, and productivity. Reference: 1. Bauer N Talya, Smith Aiman Lynda (1996). Green Career choices: The influence of ecological stance on recruiting, Journal of Business and Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2010 from http://www. springerlink. com/content/p7716gg4715017j0/ Felton O Brien (2007). Debating Green Recruiting. HR Executive online. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. hreonline. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=46706256 Huff Charlotte (2007). Green Recruiting Helps Bring in Top Talent. Workforce Management Online. Retrieved July 20,2010 from http:// www. workforce. com/section/06/feature/25/06/24/index. html Huff Charlotte (2007). Highlighting your Green. Workforce Management Online. Retrieved July 22,2010 from https://www. orkforce. com/section/06/feature/25/06/24/250626. html 5. Lizz pellet (2008). Green Recruiting: Cashing in on the Green to Enhance Your Employer branding efforts. Best practice institute. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from https://bestpracticeinstitute. org/public/doc/GreenRecruiting-CashinginontheGreentoEnhanceYourEmploymentBrandingEfforts. pdf Steere Vicki (2009). Employment brand goes green. Jobing foundation. Retrieved July 25,2010 from http ://jobingfoundation. org/2009/07/ 7. Sullivan John (2007). Steps to Implement Green Recruiting. HR Executive Online. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from http://www. hrexecutive. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=26541280 8. Sullivan John (2007). Green Recruiting: Building Your Environmental Employment Brand. HR Executive Online. Retieved July 17,2010 from – http://www. ere. net/2007/06/04/green-recruiting-building-your-environmental-employment-brand/ 9. http://www. careerxroads. com/news/updates/0209. asp. Retrieved July25, 2010 10. http://www. qualigence. com/Yaffe/newsletter/articles/tt/tt_121707. html. Retrieved July27, 2010

Nutrition for Health and Social Care Essay

In this assignment, I will be making realistic recommendations for decreasing negative impacts on the health of one individual. The individual I will be making recommendations for and talking about in more depth is James. As it states in the case study, and James has a BMI above average, therefore, in this assignment, I will clarify in full detail what he could do in order to live a healthier lifestyle and lose some weight as James is 54 years old overweight. In addition, I will also be stating the advantages of acting upon and following the recommendations I have made as well as the disadvantages if he did not follow them and continued with his normal diet. â€Å"Food is essential for life but what we eat is subject to a wide range of influences. Recognising these and taking account of them when planning menus and preparing food can make the difference between and individual eating sufficiently for their needs or not†. James is 54 years old Chief Executive of an international company. He is single with no children, and admits to not paying much attention to his diet. Due to working long hours, he often skips meals, and ends up snacking. He sometimes grabs a takeaway on the way home because he’s not good at cooking, and hardly does food shopping and he lives miles away from the nearest supermarket, and so there’s usually nothing indoors to eat. At 6’1, he weighs 212 pounds and has a BMI of 28. He admits to feeling a little tired, recently. James dietary habits are impacting him negatively because he at an age where he is at risk of contracting some type of serious cardiovascular diseases, for instance problems with his heart or his arteries being clogged with fat because of consuming a lot of unhealthy foods, which could be fatal. James health factors are already beginning to have negative impacts on him because as it states â€Å"he admits to feeling a little tired, recently†. If James does not alter his behaviour towards his health for example taking more care and paying attention to his health, not only will he continue to gain a lot of weight but he will also have a hard time losing the weight as he will have a great amount to lose. I recommend that James goes on a diet and makes lifestyle changes. However prior to beginning his diet, I think it’s highly important that James visits his GP and research about dieting and losing weight the right way rather than doing it the wrong way to see faster results and be at risk of other health problems. After he has done his research, He should start off his diet slowly, for instance he could start by cutting out fizzy drinks and alcohol because they both contain great amounts of calories and fizzy drinks have a lot of sugar which is not good to constantly have, and replacing them with water. Water is extremely beneficial to the body because it refreshes your body and keeps you hydrated, and also drinking the recommended amount of water daily combined with a healthy diet, will contribute in weight loss and a healthier body. James should then begin to make food choice changes and portion control, for example cutting out fatty foods and consuming large portions of food. It states in the case study that he does not pay attention to his diet and because he works long hours, he often skips meals and that he is not good at cooking. James will have to now pay a lot of attention to his diet because it is putting him at risk of serious health problems and the first thing he should do is look on the internet for food recipes. If James does not want to cook at all, he should order his food from shops such as Marks and Spencer’s which have a variety of different healthy meals and also have home delivery so he could have the food delivered to him. Although he works long hours, it is vital that he does not skip any meals during the day, he should prepare a healthy meal at home and pack some to take to work and eat during his break, and he should also incorporate fruits for snacks and a bottle of water to take to work every day. This way he will not have to buy unhealthy take away meals to eat. In addition, James should attempt not to eat heavy meals before bed, he should have a light dinner and if he feels hungry late hours of the night, he should eat fruits and drink water to fill him up. After James has become accustomed to his new diet choices, he should now incorporate exercise to his diet. However it states in the case study that James works long hours which could be problem if he is trying to incorporate some exercise to his new lifestyle. The way to overcome this problem would be for James to have a plan. He should plan out his life for instance what ime he departs for work, what time he’s back home and the amount of hours he has free after work. Due to the fact that James works long hours, I think that he would benefit highly from buying aerobic DVDS and exercising in the comfort of his own home rather than going to the gym after a tiring day at work. He should start off by buying beginners DVD and gradually progressing to the more intense work out. However the DVDs must be suitable for his age and also he should consult his doctor prior to starting the exercising routine. The advantages of these strategies I have implemented above for James is that he will lose weight, he’ll be living a healthier lifestyle, he’ll become accustomed to not eating unhealthy foods and he would have the skills and knowledge about health and how poor diet contributes highly to health problems. The disadvantage would be if James decided not to act upon the recommendation and continued his bad habits of constantly eating take-away, skipping meals during the day and not exercising. The fact that he is 54 and is overweight is highly worrying because he is now at risk of getting diabetes, clogging up his arteries, suffering from a heart attack and other life threatening health problems. If he does not change his diet he is most likely to endure one of the health problems I have just mentioned and in worst cases it could lead to instant death. James lifestyle also has a huge negative effect on his health. This is because he has no wife or kids, whom could’ve helped James more, by for instance having a healthy cooked meal for him when he returns home from work. This way he would not need to always pick up takeaways on his way home as he would have a healthy cooked meal at home. Also the fact that James works long hours has also affected his health, the reason I believe this is because this could be the reason as to why he skips meals due to not having time to eat during work times which is also now making James feels often tired. James health is at risk, the fact that his working hours are so long may also be the reason to why James has not enrolled in gym, as I mentioned above he may feel extremely tired when he returns home from work and does not have the energy to exercise. Also the fact that he often skips meals does not help the situation because he is not receiving enough nutrients to give him energy he requires. I recommend that James starts off by possibly making slight alterations in his working hours and replace them with time for himself. The reasons for this is because James is clearly on a route to becoming obese and he needs to make some time for himself to exercise and better his health. As well as exercising, as I mentioned in the previous paragraphs, he has to change his eating habits as this is the main reason for his weight issues. I believe that a plan would be very beneficial for James to implement in his life because due to the fact that he’s a chief executive of an international company, means that he possibly has a lot of daily responsibilities at work and if he had a plan of what to eat and what time he has free to exercise, he will not become stressed and confused because it will all be written down. In this plan he should write down all the hours he works during the week and the breaks he has in between, he should also implement his new healthy diet in this plan and write the times he eats meals and snacks in between. I believe that after doing this and following through with the plan, he will adjust to the plan and begin to lose some weight and become healthier. Also more importantly James must always carry a packed lunch and fruits to work so he does not skip lunch and after lunch if he begins to get hungry again, he can snack on some fruits instead of buying unhealthy snacks. In conclusion, I believe that the recommendations I have made for James will only be advantages to him. This is because he will begin to lose the weight he has to lose in order to be healthy; his BMI will drop to average weight and also most importantly he will be living a healthier lifestyle and decrease the risk of having serious health problems. In addition, he will begin to have more energy throughout the day to cope with his every day routine without feeling as tired as he did when he did not pay attention to his diet and weight.

Feeding a Rapidly Expanding Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feeding a Rapidly Expanding Population - Essay Example First, demand for food is changing fast across the globe. This comes as a result of a larger and wealthier population that has cut straight into the global food supply chain. Second, as food producers seek to produce more, they are required to demonstrate and practice acceptable levels of social and environmental responsibility. The third is the need to eliminate hunger among the world’s most impoverished populations. These three dimensions form the ultimate solution to the problem of feeding nine billion people. In an effort to address these three dimensions of the food problem, it is important to come up with better approaches to meeting the global food demand, which should ensure that, while not much of the uncultivated land will be cultivated, more and higher quality food will be produced. The next section discusses the measures that should be taken in an effort to fulfill this objective. Effective Measures As Godfray and his analysis group have noted, the three-dimensional food problem that is facing the world needs to be addressed by significant changes in the process of food production by the producer and food access by the consumer. In other words, it is important, in an effort to solve the food problem, to execute an overhaul in the global food supply chain in an effort to accomplish the extent of efficiency that was witnessed in the previous three centuries. This is a goal that the world food production chain will have to focus on despite the hurdles that come with the constraints of natural resources.

Analysis of LinkedIn Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of LinkedIn - Research Paper Example Current ratio- The firm’s current ratio is increasing and getting stronger as the year progresses. A ratio of above one indicates the firm can settle its short-term obligation within a financial year and still conduct its operation effectively. This is proven by the networking capital across the year which increases across the year. In the year 2012, the ratio was 2.45 it rose to 4.7 in the year 2014. Return on Assets- The value of assets owned by LinkedIn Corporation is increasing across the financial years that have been analyzed above. However, the return on this asset is decreasing. This simply means that the assets the firm have invested on are not been utilized to the maximum or the resources are in surplus. In the year 2014, the return was in the negative figure because the firm had incurred losses. The revenue generated across the three years was increasing as well as the costs for revenue generation. However, the rate at which the cost of revenue was increasing was hi gher than that of revenue being generated. This has to be taken into account because if this continues LinkedIn profits will be â€Å"eaten-up†. Equity ratio- This ratio indicates a firm dependence on debt to run its operations. From the above analysis, the equity ratio for LinkedIn is good because over 60% of the firm’s asset was financed by its shareholders. However, in the year 2014, the equity ratio dropped to 61.3% from 78.4 % in 2013. According to (Samuels, and Wilkes, 72), it indicates the firm had increased its borrowing.

Project Level 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Project Level 4 - Essay Example The academy needed an injection of cash to help refresh the campus and offer another two main courses. Information Technology and Nursing were decided to be the most in demand courses in the area and specifically I.T. so with the help of a local venture capitalist, who lives in the area, have decided to build three new state of the art buildings, one at each site, each with 10 classrooms with new computers and network. The expectation is to design the infrastructure of each site so that it is secure, reliable and inter operates with all of the other sites where necessary. There are 1200 students expected on the I.T course broken up into 30 classes of 20 over two (a morning and an afternoon) sessions each day. As well as a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) option for people who are unable to attend college. East Anglian Academy has approached me as a consultant to design and implement a computerised system that will enable students and teachers to access resources both locally and re motely from anywhere with an Internet connection. Other staff there includes a Human Resources department, Accounts, and Security. The budget set aside for the project is ?2 million but with some movement if necessary. Initial time plan and estimated project costs February 1st initial proposal planning February 8th initial proposal planning February 15th initial proposal planning February 22nd initial proposal planning February 29th complete proposed project March 7th research March 14th research March 21st research March 28th research April 4th research April 11th research April 18th analysis and design April 25th analysis and design May 2nd analysis and design May 9th analysis and design May 16th interim submission May 23rd costing May 30th costing June 6th costing June 13th complete project report and present to class The estimated initial project costs are as follows Computer Costs: ?390000 Server Costs: ?49000 Routers Costs: ?8000 Switches Costs ?60000 Cabling Costs ?25000 Labo ur Costs ?100000 Total Project Cost: ?632000 Allocated Budget: ?2000000 Justifications Security –separation from the students, teachers and office staff data, so each person can only gain access to what they are authorised to. Shared resources – all sites will be able to access resources across all three sites if authorised Offload the time and labour intensive tasks, like backups, to third party companies Reduce costs – all of the systems implemented will be on an IP network and can leverage its functionality by putting the latest technology on it for things like telephones, video cameras, door entry system, building controls like heating and lighting, and also allow for the management of it all from any locally connected administrator computer Have fixed IT budget moving forwards Functionality The new system for Anglian Academy will do the following Link all sites as one network Centralise all management to the HQ campus but allow micro managing at the branch campuses where necessary for local issues Gigabit local area network speed Wireless connectivity throughout the campuses Move all HR data to the HQ campus Link all security cameras to the HQ campus Make available online course material for students (VLE) Give redundancy at each campus in the event of

Political Participation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political Participation - Essay Example Elections will reinforce the political stability and legitimacy of democracy in the country through allowing the citizens to exercise their fundamental rights of selecting their own representatives in several political offices. Accordingly, political elections contribute to self-actualization through confirmation of the basic rights of citizens and reinforcement of self-esteem among the population (Waters 119). Political elections entrench accountability in the management of public affairs and resources across the country. In addition, electoral process forces the candidates to outline their leadership capabilities including past records and future intentions thus acting as a forum for citizens to discuss their political needs and express their public opinion. Elections will provide public education to citizens and safeguard the democratic principles that aim at ensuring proper management of public affairs and full public participation ( Boehmke 234). Types of elections Referendums R eferendum is a electoral process whereby voters express their wishes in regards to proposed legislation or government policy. Obligatory referendums involves statutes or legislation action that seeks approval of the citizens while optional referendum involves popular vote on laws that have been petitioned by a section of the citizens (Boehmke 79). Referendums are useful in advancing legislation in the country since the legislature refers public policy matters to the voters for approval such as tax law changes, changes to the state constitution and other less controversial matters that require the public opinion. Popular referendum is also used to repeal acts of the legislature and statutes through a petition that entails collecting sufficient signatures that require a popular vote for the law to be enacted. Lastly, advisory referendums are used by the legislature or governor in order to determine the public opinion, but the outcome of the vote is not binding. For instance, Rhode Isl and State governor used the advisory referendum in 2002 by asking the citizens to vote on whether or not they wanted to make the three branches of government co-equal, but the outcome of the results were not binding since the governor or legislature did not take any further action (Waters 213). Proponents of referendum assert that it represents a real form of democracy and enhances the political participation of the citizens in legislation process. Referendum will check the excesses of the government before the expiry of term of office and provides the solutions to controversial legislation and statutes. Accordingly, referendums are used to legitimize devolution of political power and unite divided political parties (Tierney 256). Initiatives An initiative is a proposal for a new law or constitutional amendment that entails petition through collection of signatures of certain percentage of citizens in the country. Initiatives to the people requires sufficient signatures that are sub mitted for a vote by the people at the ballot while initiatives to the legislature requires the legislatures to adopt an initiative as proposed without a vote by the people, reject, or refuse to act on the proposed initiative and place it on the ballot for citizens to vote. In addition, the legislature may approve an alternative to the proposed initiative (Boehmke 98). In the USA, 34 states have provided for initiative process with 18

See attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See attachment - Essay Example Despite the numerous benefits derived from market segmentation, there tends to be various challenges, as well as barriers, which the use of market segmentation may pose. In the case of innovations, there tends to be several ways in which the organisation can overcome the problem of segmentation and customer focus (Dibb, 2005, p. 13). One of the problems that segmentation poses includes the identification of the market segments, which can be regarded as the most significant. The organisation is also faced with the challenge of identifying the strategies that can help in marketing the product, the desire to fulfil all the customer needs for customers who may not be within the market segment, as well as realizing changes that may take place within the market segment. In order to overcome this problem, the organisation should ensure that the market segment that it chooses can be reachable, easy to identify, as well as unique. This will ensure that Innovations categorises its customers ea sily, and it will know the markets that it should target (Cherneko 2011, p. 3). For Innovations, segmentation would also pose the problem of knowing how the organisation can reach the market segment, which it has chosen to target. Innovations may find segmentation a challenge with regard to this problem, especially if the organisation uses categories that deal with lifestyle patterns in choosing the market segments. ... ations should also come to the realisation of the dynamic nature of their markets, and ensure that come up with new strategies, which will be in line with the changes (Hunt & Arnett 2004, p. 8). Another way in which Innovations can overcome the problem of market segmentation and customer focus is through coming up with few market segments. The organisation should introduce few segments that can be easily managed and understood. This will ensure that there is no confusion in the market since the organisation will know its segments better. Innovations can also overcome the problem of market segmentation and customer focus by conducting thorough research (Hunt & Arnett 2004, p. 9). Research is essential as it would allow the organisation to know which market segments it should target. Market research will ensure that there is no misallocation of resources and staff needed to market the products. Market research also equips the organisation with the necessary information regarding the ma rket segments where the products would make high sales, as well as the segments that need certain products (Dibb, 2005, p. 17). The other strategy that Innovations can use in order to overcome the problem of segmentation and customer focus is through introducing regular changes to the market segments. Innovations should aim at defining the segments regularly in order to ensure consistency, as well as relevance of the segmentation strategies. The products should be tailored and developed to coincide with the needs of customers in the market segments (Weinstein 2006, p. 115). Innovations should also be aware of the emerging trends in the market and ensure that the market segments remain relevant to the new trends. Market segments have to be updated to avoid challenges that may result from

Misplaced trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Misplaced trust - Essay Example In spite of all my misgivings, I did help her though, and I wish I had listened to my intuitions. A week had gone by since I consented to my sister’s wishes and accommodated Poppy in my house. For the time I stayed with Poppy, all I heard was complaints and shoves in my face, literary, my body ached due to the kicking I had to endure from her gigantic feet. I never had peace in my place again which made me consider my options which of course were not many. Was to either continue living with Poppy or ask her to leave before she could drive me insane. After many considerations, I made a decision after the torturous weeks to dumb her on my friend’s doorstep and I did just that. The following month, I met my best friend who informed me that Poppy was planning on suing her. I was keen to get the facts for I knew the intrigues and drama that comes with being around Poppy. I laughed my heart out when I learned the reason for the latest episode of Poppy’s drama; my friend’s cat scratched her cat’s eye. That was the most ridicules thing I had heard in a long time. As a result of my best friend’s current mishaps, all the blame for her situation was heaped on me, from facilitating Poppy’s move to the tiniest scratch. As a consequence of all these denunciations from my best friend, I had a fight with her about trust as she was accusing me damping these issues on her and therefore she could not trust me anymore because I had lied too much. Our relationship changed from being really close to basically not contacting each other. Poppy of course wanted to move because of what happened, as always, I was the one to rescue her and indeed, I did help her find a place to stay. I sought help from one of another of oldest best friends I have ever had which proved to be a mistake that led to a big disaster. Poppy was not satisfied with the new place, her reason being that the place was far. My

Cultural Construction of Violence Research Paper

Cultural Construction of Violence - Research Paper Example For long, people have only considered violence as a trait that a person is born with; that one is either born violent or not. This, to many, implies that the proclivity of a person to engage in violent activities is long found in people’s genetics and there is less that can be done to completely eradicate it. This may seem to have some sense of truth in it as there have been cases where a young person may come out to be violent throughout his life. This is often seen with the kind of tenderness that he treats other people with including animals. However, if violence is a trait that one is born with, how can peer-inflicted violence be explained? Though the genetic makeup may have a significant effect on the behavior of a person, there are many questions concerning human violence that can still not be answered only by genetics. Moreover, violence also takes many forms and in different contexts. This implies that the definition of violence varies from one physical location to the other and can never be generalized. This having been taken into account, it is therefore true to say that the interpretations and meanings accorded to violence across societies, cultures and communities have significant effect on the trends of violence recorded in the areas. ... Violence is therefore not only genetically motivated but also structurally formed. The human genetics also have significant on the character and actions of people but violence can as well be culturally constructed. For instance, in intertribal wars undoubtedly involving extreme forms of violence as is the case of the Thull, a Kohistan community, living in the mountain slopes near the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan, are culturally constructed. Here, the people find pride in engaging in cultural raids and retaliatory attacks that usually involve various forms of violence. This cannot only be explained using genetics as genetics do not provide room for generalization explanation of the acts of violence, more so involving large numbers of people. This makes cultural construction of violence be regarded as a serious form of creation of violent behavior among people. The research focused on the Thull, a Kohistan community. The Kohistanis rely majorly on transhumant pastoralism that in volves keeping goats and sheep. However, they also grow crops in their fertile fields as I found out. The people of Thull have undergone a great religious transformation. This is evident from their transformation from Buddhism, Hinduism and presently Muslims. This has also seen the absorption of other Pakistan members to their culture. However, their cultural effects and implications have mostly originated from the Pakhtum. The Kohistan area is geographically large and has thus been affected by political fragmentation and cultural diversities. Within the Thull Kohistan villages, there are also smaller lineages, of which each produce a representation to the

Business Management and Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Management and Strategies - Essay Example Some models mean the same thing but are given different names by their creators. With the evolution of the internet, many new models have emerged. At the same time, some do not stay long and have gone. Rappa (no date) identifies nine generic forms of business models, including the brokerage model, advertising model, infomediary model, merchant model, manufacturer model, affiliate model, community model, subscription model, and utility model. Timmers (1998) classifies business models by positioning them along the two dimensions of the degree of innovation and functional integration. In Novak and Hoffman (2001)'s customer-centric framework, for any business model to be successful, it must integrate customer models, value models, and revenue models. In this paper, the customer-centric framework of Novak and Hoffman (2001) will be adopted as each of the three subsidiary model answers questions such as who are the communities or customers served by the firm, how the firm attracts target a udience, and where does the revenue for the firm come from respectively. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: NOVAK AND HOFFMAN'S CUSTOMER-CENTRIC BUSINESS MODEL According to Novak and Hoffman (2001)'s customer-centric framework, a successful business model consists of customer models, value models, and revenue models. A customer model is a segmentation of the users of the electronic business. The four groups of users are businesses, consumers, agents, and employees. Each customer model consists of two groups of users. The most common type of customer model seen on the internet today would be businesses to consumers. Businesses to businesses and consumers to consumers are not uncommon as well. Therefore, fourteen segmentations of customer models are possible, as shown by Figure 1. Figure 1 Customer Models Business (B) Consumer (C) Agent (A) Employee (E) Business (B) B:B B:C B:A B:E Consumer (C) C:B C:C C:A C:E Agent (A) A:B A:C A:A A:E Employee (E) E:B E:C E:A E:E Novak and Hoffman, 2001 The value model of Novak and Hoffman (2001)'s framework seeks to address how firms can attract target audience by providing them value. The twelve possibilities of how the web can create value are by offering brokerage service, content, search tools, incentives, freeware, communication, control, outsourcing, entertainment, transactions, affiliate opportunities, and communities. Of course, any model would not have commercial feasibility if it does not generate revenue for the firm. The revenue model identifies the revenue stream of the firm conducting electronic business. The seventeen revenue models are transaction fees, hosting fees, referral fees, subscription fees, license fees, pay-per-view, pay-per-performance, micropayment, advertising, sponsorships, ransom model, margin on sales of goods or services, sale of customer data, offline customer response, efficiency and effectiveness gains, value-added services (linux model), and virtual real estate. Various value models and revenu e models can be created

Strategic Operations Issues Essay Example for Free

Strategic Operations Issues Essay Using your own organisation or a local organisation that you know well, identify a strategic operations issue or problem that needs to be addressed. Describe the organisation briefly and briefly explain the specific operational issue, problem or process that needs to be addressed and provide clear details of its functions within the organisation; analyse the problem using a concept covered in the subject; consider the performance objectives of operations management; changes to performance objectives or outcomes; improvements; theory and recommendations for improving the system or operation. Executive summary Manufacturing plant operation issues of XYZ Plastics Pty Ltd This paper studies the operations issues of XYZ Plastics Pty Ltd’s manufacturing plant. In the last three months, the plant experienced a decline in % OEE (% Overall Equipment Effectiveness) from 90 per cent to 81 per cent, the raw materials inventory increased 10 per cent from 900 tons to 990 tons and increased the outsource warehouse cost from $100 000 per month to $150 000 per month. The overtime cost was also increased by 50 per cent from $20 000 per month to $30 000 per month. The analysis of the manufacturing process and workflow revealed that the root causes were: a) Inadequate communication linkage between the Planner and Maintenance supervisor which resulted in lack of critical spare parts to service major equipment breakdown. b) The batch size of white product was too small which contributed to speed loss and quality loss c) The Planner’s order quantity of raw materials was too big and caused average inventory to increase and inventory overflow to outsource warehouse. d) The double handling of raw materials by the warehouse staff which contributed to the wastage of overtime resources. The study recommended the company: a) Use a Kanban system to signal â€Å"pull† to the Planner to order spare parts for maintenance department. b) To set up an operating policy to limit the minimum production batch size to ËÆ'24 tons for white product. c) To maintain a discipline of using the Economic Order Quality (EOQ) for replenishment  order of the raw materials and reorder according to the inventory profile based on safety stock, delivery time and consumption rate. d) To provide training to the operating staff regarding the Wastes of Lean Manufacturing as a way to promote the learning culture. Table of Contents Table of Figures 1 Introduction XYZ Plastics Pty Ltd manufactures and sells black and white plastic materials for toy molding application. Its manufacturing process involves grinding the polyethylene plastics into a molten form and mixing with black pigment or white pigment. It produces a black product and a white product. The products are sold in 25 kg bags. The plant operates 24 hours by seven days a week but only four weeks in a month. It produces a product mix of 96 per cent black and four per cent white. The General Manager reviewed the monthly operations report recently and found that in the last three months, the operations performance was on a downward trend: a) Its Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) dropped down from 90 per cent to 81 per cent. Pophaley (2010) states that there would have been issues associated with the Availability rate, Performance rate or Quality rate. b) Raw material average inventory was increased by 10 per cent and the outsourced warehouse costs increased by 15 per cent. c) There was 50 per cent more overtime paid to fulltime workers. The sales volume remained unchanged at around 672 000 kg per month in the last three months. This was alarming because it suggested that the profile and productivity would have dropped. The General Manager called a meeting with its operations team to review the performance data and operations issues. They traced the problem back to the manufacturing processes and workflow to determine the root causes and take corrective actions. Discussion and analysis The manufacturing process involves loading the plastic pellets and pigments into the hopper, the grinder and mixer converts the mechanical energy into heat then melts and mixes the raw materials. The mixed molten paste is extruded out through a pressing die with 400 holes to form spaghetti like strips. The strips are cooled by water and cut into pellets by the rotary cutter, the slurry is then spun in a water separator to remove the water and dry the plastic pellets (see Figure 1 below). The products are then packed into 25 kg bags and stacked onto a pallet as a 1000 kg lot. Figure Manufacturing process schematic diagram 2.1 OEE performance trend analysis The operations team reviewed the % OEE trend of the last three months and looked at the date of three components that made up the % OEE, namely Availability rate, Performance rate and Quality rate mentioned by (Pophaley 2010). They found that all three components were on the decreasing trend which contributed to the % OEE decrease from 90 per cent to 81 per cent. The operations team found that the Availability rate dropped from 95 per cent to 93 per cent which indicated that there was increase of equipment breakdowns. They looked at the maintenance log book and found that there was an increase of pressing die cleaning frequency. During the pressing die cleaning, the process is shut down and the maintenance staffs needs to spend 16 hours to drill holes to clean the dirt out. This maintenance job is usually outsourced and they have a spare pressing die but this was not returned to the plant on time from the cleaning services supplier because there was a miscommunication between the Pla nner and the Maintenance Supervisor. The workflow is described in (Figure 2 below). Figure Process mapping of workflow The maintenance supervisor left an email message to the Planner, to order the die cleaning service which the Planner overlooked. There was a delay in sending the spare pressing die out to the supplier for cleaning. If they had  the spare pressing die ready, they would have saved the downtime of 16 hours for cleaning the die. It appears that a Kanban pull system would have provided better systematic demand information as stated by (Claudio Krishnamurthy 2009) for parts replenishment. The operations team found that the performance rate dropped from 97 per cent to 92 per cent of their maximum capable production rate of 1030 kg per hour, based on the current deteriorated production rate of 947.6 kg per hour (0.92 Ãâ€" 1030) the plant will be behind the monthly production target. The operations team reviewed the production log book and found that the production speed loss was due to increased production runs of white products. For every white production run, the operating staffs needs to clean the whole production line thoroughly because the black pellets in the previous run will contaminate the white products. The cleaning process required two hours per run. The plant also needs to spend two hours to change the rotary cutter as well. The plant normally runs one white product per month (26 880 kg) but in recent months the sales team requested four smaller white product runs per month (6720 kg Ãâ€" 4). The rationale was there were four smaller customers willing to pay higher price for the white products but they required delivery at short notice without providing forecast to the Planner. The smaller run size of white product contributes negatively to the per cent performance rate, the cleaning time of two hours per run and cutter changing time of two hours per run contributes a total of four hours of speed loss per run which could have been utilised to make more products. The Planner and sales team did not communicate with each other on this change and assess the economy of scale for the production run. The operations team re-assessed the change with the capacity size decision process, as (Rabta Reiner 2012) suggested that optimal values of production batch size will reduce cost and lead time. The operations team took considerations on algorithms of the extra cost required for the cleaning, changing cutter and speed loss for different batch sizes, and generated a graph (see Figure 3 below) to assist the decision on the size of the production run. Figure Capacity size decision graph The Figure 3 graph showed that the smaller run (6720 kg per run) costs more to make per ton and even selling at increased price, it was making a profile margin of only $100 per ton. In comparison, the larger run size (26 880 kg per run) costs less to make but even selling at normal price, it was still making $400 per ton. The graph showed that the most economical run of the white product is ËÆ'24 tons. The operations team also found that the quality rate dropped from 98 per cent to 95 per cent. They checked the quality records and determined that this was due to the rework materials generated from the increased white runs. The manufacturing team used raw materials to purge clean the process system to avoid contamination. The purged materials were used later on the black runs as rework. The time they spent on the rework could have been utilised to make good product. The above analysis determined the root causes which caused the % OEE drop from 90 per cent to 81 per cent and it is illustrated below: % OEE = Availability rate % Ãâ€" Performance rate % Ãâ€" Quality rate % Historical % OEE = 95% Ãâ€" 97% Ãâ€" 98% = 90% Current % OEE = 93% Ãâ€" 92% Ãâ€" 95% = 81%. 2.2 Raw materials inventory analysis The operations team reviewed the inventory performance on the monthly operations report; it showed that the raw material average inventory volume increased by 10 per cent from 900 tons to 990 tons in the last three months. Due to the increase in average inventory, the plant ran out of storage space and therefore it required the inventory to be stored at an outsourced warehouse location. The plant storage space was enough to store 1000 tons of raw materials but from time to time the space is filled and overflows the inventory to the outsource warehouse especially in the last three months. As a result, it increased the storage costs by 15 per cent from $100 000 to $115 000 per month including logistics and labour costs for the material handling. The operations team interviewed the Planner regarding the order quality and order frequency. The investigation revealed that the Planner was not  ordering based on inventory management principles. The ordering process takes about one week, from placing the order to receiving the goods. The plant normally keeps a safety stock of 672 tons of raw materials (roughly enough for one month consumption). This was based on their experience that the raw materials comes from other state and shipment delays could be up to four weeks; this safety stock is to maintain the service levels of the company. The raw material comes in normal order quantity of 2.5 weeks consumption, about 420 tons (672 Ãâ€" 2.5/4 = 420 tons). The Planner starts to place order when the inventory gets close to 672 tons (the safety stock mark). When there is a supplier promotion, the Planner would order a bigger quantity than 420 tons, thinking that would save the company money. There were a number of supplier promotions in the last three months and the Planner placed a bigger order quantity of 470 tons for each promotion which resulted in an increase in average inventory level from 900 tons to 990 tons. The operations team constructed a graph to determine if the Planner was making the correct order quantity decision. They used the total inventory cost based on two inventory cost components mentioned by (Schreibfeder 2009), namely holding cost and materials order cost. Figure Economic order quality(EOQ) The EOQ graph in Figure 4 indicated that the order quantity of 470 tons which the Planner placed on the supplier’s promotion was not economical. Rather than saving the company money, the total cost was higher than that of the EOQ of 336 tons. Even the normal order quantity of 420 tons was not as economical as the EOQ of 336 tons. The inventory profile with the new EOQ of 336 tons is shown in (Figure 5 below). It was constructed according to the method shown by (Silver Zufferey 2011) with the probabilistic replenishment lead time and slope (consumption rate). If The EOQ of 336 tons was adopted and orders were placed when the inventory touches 840 tons, it would have kept an average inventory of 840 tons and maximum of about 1000 tons on site. The inventory profile showed that average inventory (840 tons) would be lower than the current average inventory (990 tons) and most importantly it would eliminate the need for outsource warehouse. Figure Raw material inventory profile 2.3 Labour cost analysis The operations team reviewed the profit and loss statement and found out that there were 50 per cent more overtime paid to fulltime workers. It increased from $20 000 to $30 000 per month in the last three months. The amount of overtime was mainly paid to the warehouse staff. The operations team interviewed the warehouse supervisor and found that when the raw materials warehouse is full, they would move the materials to the finished goods warehouse for temporary storage, and shift it back when there are more spaces. One round trip to transport one ton of materials on a fork lift would require two minutes. These are considered double handling of materials as stated by (Liker Franz 2011). This is one of the Wastes in Lean manufacturing namely (transportation) that should be avoided (Slack, Brandon-Jones, Johnston, R Betts, A 2012). Conclusion The drop in Availability rate was due to the longer breakdown time required to clean the pressing die as there was no spare pressing die available. It appears that both the Planner and Maintenance supervisor required an improved communication system for the spare parts ordering. The capacity size decision graph in Figure 3 showed that the most economical run of the white products is 24 tons. Any smaller run size would result in speed loss and contribute negatively to the performance rate. The quality records showed that the drop in quality rate was due to the rework materials generated from the increased white runs per month. These root causes need to be addressed in order to improve the % OEE from the current level of 81 per cent back to 90 per cent. The EOQ graph in Figure 4 indicated that the order quantity of 470 tons which the Planner placed on the supplier’s promotion was not economical; even the normal order quantity of 420 tons was not economical. The associated total costs were both higher than that of the EOQ of 336 tons; it increased the average raw materials inventory level on site and causes inventory overflow to the outsource warehouse. There were double handling of materials by the  warehouse staff and this is a â€Å"transportation waste† which needs to be avoided according to the lean manufacturing principals described by (Liker Franz 2011). 4 Recommendations The maintenance supervisor should use a Kanban system to signal a â€Å"pull† to the Planner to order outsource services to clean the pressing die. Kanban is a visual signal system advocated by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota and mentioned by (Liker Franz 2011). The Maintenance supervisor can use a red box to signal that the pressing die is ready to be picked up and send outside for cleaning. When the cleaned pressing die returns, it can be placed in a green box indicating it is ready to be used, similar to the dual card system described by (Chen Subramaniamac 2012). The plant needs to set up an operating policy which states that the minimum size is to be 24 tons for white product. The Planner needs to maintain a discipline of using the EOQ of 336 tons for replenishment order of the raw materials and placing the purchasing order when the raw materials inventory touches 840 tons (a re-order point about one week before it reaches the safety stock of 672 tons). The inventory profile should be reviewed every three months to update the consumption rate to determine the new re-order point. The plant needs to provide training to operating staff regarding the Wastes of Manufacturing especially the warehouse staff as a way to promote the learning culture as advocated in Toyota and stated by (Liker Franz 2011). The operations performance such as OEE should be shared with all staff and initiate counter measures to poor performances. This will connect the staff to the continuous improvement cycle to achieve operational excellence.

The New Headway Intermediate Book Evaluation English Language Essay

The New Headway Intermediate Book Evaluation English Language Essay The purpose of the second part of this essay is to evaluate New Headway intermediate students book, one of the course books used at many of the foreign language institutes around the world. The evaluation will be based on an external and an internal evaluation of the book. The external evaluation will give us a brief overview of the materials from the outside (also known as factual information) and the internal evaluation will give us a closer and more detailed look at Units 1 and 2. The new headway course book is meant to be suitable for adults undertaking a general English course. It is the third edition, which means that the book is very popular and published many times. Liz and John Soars are the authors of this book. There is a note at the back of the book which states: Liz and John Soares are internationally renowned authors and highly experienced teachers and teacher trainers. This statement indicates that the authors are recognised in an international basis. The publisher is the oxford university press; A widely known publisher which has published thousands of books. There is a website link in the front and in the back of the book which you can access it online. The one link contains exercises you can do online and the other one has different English Books it has published so far. This single course book costs  £22.00, without the supplementary materials. If you want to buy the whole package, you have to buy each material individually. However, the whole package includes: class CDS/cassettes, a workbook (with or without key), the students workbook CD/cassette and a DVD/Video with students activity book. There is also a teachers book in print and locally available. Thus, the student edition will not be difficult to work with. However, if you go online at Amazon, you will see that if you want to buy together the teachers book, the workbook and the class audio cds, costs  £68. It is very expensive for someone who cannot afford it economically and he will be dissuaded from selecting it. In my opinion I would not buy the single book for only  £22 pounds as I would definitely need a workbook for supplementary exercises. However, it is not included in the package and it costs  £12.50. Also the course book does not provide any audio material in the back as man y do. I think that it is essential to provide this extra material in order to use the textbook more successfully in self-time study. The front cover is colourful with nice pictures, but in my opinion it is not very inspiring and attractive for learners. If you would take off the title I will take it as a science or a maths book. When opening the contents page, language is presented and organised into teachable units. The contents page illustrates the general organisation of the material, which is based on topics. Under each unit there is an established topic. Meanwhile, the importance of form is also made obvious by the prominent placement of grammar in the second column. It is now clear that the content is sequenced on the basis of the grammar complexity. It starts from a more simple grammar form and then progress to a more complex grammar form. The contents are divided broadly into language input and skills development. Under language input there is grammar, vocabulary and everyday English. Under skills development there is: reading, speaking, listening and writing. We can now continue to the next stage of the evaluation by performing a more deep investigation into the materials. I am going to examine Unit 1 and 2 in order to perform an effective internal inspection of the materials. Both units start with a presentation of the grammar which will be the focus of the unit and provides an engaging start. Looking the units as a whole all the language skills including grammar, vocabulary, reading, listening and speaking are all covered. Usually after the test your grammar part which engages you into the main focus of the units, there is a text. It is good that the unit starts with this way because it is helping them to remember thing they have done previously but also is going to introduce them of what grammar is going to follow. In unit 1 the grammar is very simple. It starts with auxiliary verbs, naming the tenses, questions and negatives, and short answers. Tenses and auxiliary verbs are integrated into a quiz which they have to complete and then listen to it in order to check their answers. Then there is the grammar spot and then there is a practice section where they have to practice negatives and pronunciation. Then follows some exercises on short answers where they have to notice differences between the two conversations. This is followed again by a grammar spot and then a practice activity based on short answers. It is obvious that it gives more emphasis on grammar. However, then follows an information gap speaking activity. In the next page follows a reading and a speaking activity where the students have to read a passage on the wonders of the modern world and answer some questions based on the text and then discuss some other questions. Further down there is a freer listening and speaking section w hich consists of listening about wonders of the modern world and a discussion based on inventions. Then, follows a vocabulary section with different exercises based on what it is new in a word. This part includes some spelling and pronunciation exercises. Additionally there is a reference to page 159 where you can find all the phonetic symbols. At the end of the vocabulary section there is a writing exercise in page 103 based on correcting mistakes and finally there is the section every day English where students practice social expressions through exercises. Unit 2 starts with a short Test your grammar exercise which is to guide students into the focus of the unit and provide an engaging start. Following this is a picture presentation of different people having fun and here students have to talk about what makes them happy. Then there is a textual representation incorporating pictures and a written text on the theme of what makes people happy, which talks about Sidney fisk and below some comprehension questions focusing on conceptual aspects of the target language. The target language has been embedded in the written text .The object is that learners are given some exercises where they have to opportunity to practice how the present tense is used and why. These rules are reinforced in a grammar spot section under the passage and in the grammar reference in the back of the book where learners can look for help. This is followed by a listening and speaking controlled practice activities, the first two focusing on present tenses. Both of th ese exercises use information and examples from the presentation of grammar. Then students listen and read a conversation which is based on simple or continuous and they have to practice similar conversations with the one they have listened to including different jobs. This is followed by grammar practice activities, where in the first one they have to indicate whether the sentences are correct or not and in the second to complete the sentences with present simple or present continuous. Then, the reading and speaking section is about I am a clown doctor. The unit here includes some pre-reading activities; mainly questions which are said to motivate learners. Then learners have to read the text and answer some questions. Following this is a grammar spot exercise which focuses on present passive. Students have to complete sentences from the text and then if they want they can go and see the rules on how and when to use present passive on the grammar reference part. Some more exercise s follow. The one is related to the text and in the other one you have to format some questions in order to complete the interview. Then there is an activity where students have to discuss some questions in groups. Exercises on vocabulary and listening are in the next page, based on sports. There are pictures of different people doing different sports and a warm-up activity in which learners have to make a list of as many sports and leisure activities they can think of. They can use the pictures for help. When they finish, there is an exercise where they have to match some sports with the verbs do, play or go. Then follows an activity in which they have to complete a chart using activities from the list they have made before. Meanwhile they have the opportunity to use a dictionary to look up any words they need. Then they listen to different people talking about a sport activity they enjoy and take notes. In a freer activity they can ask their partners some questions based on sports . For writing they have to write letters and emails. The unit finishes by everyday English which is based on numbers. They will learn about money, fractions, decimals and percentages, dates and phone numbers. Then they will listen to some conversation and write the numbers they hear. In my opinion it would take me 18-20 hours to teach both units in this course book. New Headway Intermediate is attractively laid out, with glossy pages and plenty use of colour and photographs which inspires the student. The strong visual element is likely to attract students. However, the cover does not really remind you of an English book, but the inside is different. I think that the new headway intermediate book is well organised into units and sub-sections and it is easy to follow. There are headings or labels for each section and exercises and activities are always introduced with clear instructions. The book clearly arranges the contents, and cross references indicate where learners can find further grammatical information, typescripts, pair work activities, irregular verbs, verb patterns and phonetic symbols in the back. Still, it does not include any revision or recycling sections and this is a disadvantage because students will not have the opportunity for self study in order to check the skills they have learnt. I would provide them with some revision ac tivities with every 2 or 3 units so that they will do revisions and refresh their skills. However, I find the way that the materials are sequenced logical, because intermediate learners need to work their grammar. Some people may find this as a limitation but I believe that it is a good for intermediate learners that the content is based on the complexity of grammar. Moreover, there is a varied mix of activities, like grammar, vocabulary, listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, and functional English, but it lacks on pronunciation activities. Even if it provides phonetic symbols in the back of the book it does not include material for pronunciation work, and it is essential for this level of students to practice their pronunciation. The material for vocabulary is adequate in terms of quantity and range It offers a good balance of work on all skills and they are adequately covered .Also, there are some points where there are materials for integrated skills. I think that there are not enough activities associated to the text in each unit. In unit 1 and 2, they have to read the passage and then answer some comprehension questions. There are not exercises or suitable texts that will help students to improve their reading skills (scanning, skimming, intensive reading, and extensive reading). As homework I would give students extra reading exercises to do in order to practice their reading skills. The other skill that lacks in practice in the unit is the listening skill. I believe that again the book does not provide learners the opportunity to expand and practice their listening skills. The exercises provided for listening does not help students to expand their listening skills, and thus I would give them different listening activities to do within a lessons in order to practice their l istening. Grammar, writing and vocabulary are well covered. Speaking activities can equip them for real-life conversations. The topics are motivating for the adult learners and suitable for their language level. It covers a variety of interests and it gives them the opportunity to expand their awareness on some topics and enrich their experiences. Other groups of people are also presented in the topics. On the whole, New Headway Intermediate course book is perceived as a well designed and a well written book which supports English language learning. It is also used in many schools which teach English as a foreign language. It is suitable for learners, and regarding the disadvantages mentioned above they can become overcome through supplementary activities. .

Study Of Bureaucratic Leadership Management Essay

Study Of Bureaucratic Leadership Management Essay The textbook describes the Bureaucratic style of leadership as a supervisor who manages by the book and is seen by his/her employees as a police officer. This type of leadership style is great for workplaces where the employees have no chance of discretion when it comes to their jobs such as accounting and law related work. The term Bureaucracy can be traced to eighteenth-century French literature. The early usage referred to an official workplace (bureau) in which individual activities were routinely determined by explicit rules and regulations. As modern systems of management, bureaucracies are designed to rationally coordinate the duties and responsibilities of officials and employees or organizations. The delineation of official duties and responsibilities by means of formal rules and programs or activity, is intended to displace and constrain the otherwise private, idiosyncratic, and unlikely personal interests an d actions of individuals. Bureaucratic systems of administration are designed to ensure that the activities of individuals rationally contribute to the goals and interests of the organizations within which they work. Bureaucracy is the world of explicitly formulated goals, rules, procedures, and givens that define and regulate the place of its members, a world of specialization and expertise, with the roles of individuals minutely specified and differentiated. Its employees are organized by purpose, process, clientele, or place, It is a world that prices consistency, predictability, stability, and efficiency more than creativity and principle. Roles and duties are prescribed less by superiors than by tradition, formal examinations, and technical qualifications. Careers and job security are protected by tenure, pensions, union rules, professional standards and appeal procedures[2] Some other important characteristics of bureaucracies are the hierarchical ordering of authority relations, limiting the areas of command and responsibility for subordinate as well and superordinate personnel, the recruitment and promotion of individuals on the basis of technical expertise and competence, a clearly defined division of labor with specialization and training required for assigned tasks, a structuring of the work environment to ensure continuous and full time employment, and the fulfillment of individual career expectations within the organization, the impersonality and impartiality of relationship among organization members and with those outside the organization, the importance of official record in the form of written documents. I feel that when talking about Bureaucratic leadership, it is more like when talking about a computers programing. A computer follows a protocol to do whatever we need it to do, the same way a Bureaucratic leader looks to the rules, the protocol, to see what needs to be done and how it is to be done. This text explains that bureaucracy discourages the kind of power that is generated by the tapping of motivational bases among employees and the marshaling of personal- as opposed to organizational- resourcesAnd Bureaucracy, far from directing social change or serving as a factor in historical causation, consciously or not helps buttress the status quo. This is majorly significant in understanding Bureaucratic leadership because most people only know that bureaucratic leadership is about following the rules but they dont understand that there is an underlying need from these bureaucratic leaders to follow the rules and that their minds are stuck in the feeling of if its not broken, why fix it as well as knowing that maybe not following the rules may result in problems for them that would not have been generated had they followed to rules. Bureaucratic authority is formal power that has been vested in persons by virtue of their holding certain positions, that is, vested in the positions themselves. Such authority may be used to influence subordinates under a system of rewards and penalties, the carrot and stick method usually, and this authority from ruler to subordinate is accepted because the subordinate is motivated to respect its credibility and legitimacy. Basically conformity is the basis of bureaucratic leadership and bureaucracy in general. The knowledge that we must follow the rules, no matter what, to get ahead is the very thing that makes us feel that no matter how much or how little work we do our efforts will not be recognized. This leads to conformity and feeds into the status quo by hammering into our heads that the very act of trying to change the way things are, the workplace, society and such, may and will end in punishment either by literally removing us from the environment, termination, or by brainwashing us to think that our actions are wrong, rehabilitation. The historical trend towards increasing bureaucratization through modern Western Europe, highlighted by the changing structure of military organizations, is documented in the works of Karl Marx, however, the study of bureaucratic structure and process as the prominent sociological topic is based on the intellectual legacy of Max Weber. Max Weber observed that bureaucratic authority was not the rule but the exception. Even in large political systems such as those in ancient empires, rulers carried out key measures through their inner circles or personal trustees, table companions, and servants of the court. In certain cultures, unlike the ones just discussed, bureaucracies were the dominant basis of the organization, empires such as the Romans and China during recent history. To Weber, power represents the ability or capacity to have other people behave in accordance with certain orders or dictates, no matter if those affected care that its application is rightful or legitimate. Authority for Weber, represents the legitimation of this power by those whose activities are ordered in such way that the application of power and its impact is deemed to be proper and acceptable. At the root or bureaucratic conflicts, lies some kind of struggle and prestige. This struggle pervades the bureaucracy because it engages persons who tap one anothers motivational and need bases and who have various power resources that they can employ or mobilize in this process. Within the bureaucratic organization, rules serve to direct individual actions in ways that promote the technical efficiency of the organization. The distinctive feature of bureaucratic organization is not the use or rules per Se but, rather, the type of rules employed within a organization as well as the justification for the use of the rules. Rules have been, and continue to be, used in all forms of administration to control individual actions, whether it is by following the rules verbatim or by loosely interpreting them.

Essay --

Analyzing the Feminine Macbeth is a play where female characters have a big influence in terms of the direction of where the male characters will end up. Male Characters such as Macbeth build desperate ambition that leads him into a path full of consequences based on prophecies, and influences enforced by women. This desperate ambition makes a big influence on the path of the play. Female characters such as the three witches and Lady Macbeth play around with characters such as Macbeth who is probably the most important character in the play. By encountering, telling him seductive prophecies and manipulating him, to make sure that Macbeth overcome his obstacles; While Macbeth not knowing that later on in his life these prophecies will become true but with full of consequences. These three Agents of fate whose prophecies hold the inevitable and this cruel and highly ambitious Lady Macbeth use female methods such as, manipulation to achieve power; which shows that in the play women can be far more frightening and ambitious than the male characters because of the paths available to them due to gender The three witches also known as â€Å"the three weird sisters† are three witches with dark thoughts and unconscious temptations to evil. Although the witches are servants of Hecate, These three seem to be very independent and very powerful; in fact the three witches are the most dangerous characters in the play, being both very powerful and wicked. Through the play these three speak in in rhyming lines, their most famous and most repeated line is â€Å"Double, double, toil and trouble, / Fire burn and cauldron bubble† which is said in most of the scenes in which they ... ...proved that they can be as ambitious and as violent as men through their actions and intentions. Nunez #7 Works Cited Page 1) Allcock, Bradley . "The Roles of Masculinity and Femininity in Macbeth". 12. 2009. Web. 12. 2009. 2 ) Asp, Carolyn. "BMCC Library: Remote Access." BMCC Library: Remote Access. N.p., 1981. Web.11Dec.2013. 3) Daniel, Albright. "BMCC Library: Remote Access." BMCC Library: Remote Access. N.p., 17 Mar. 2005. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. .

Cars :: essays research papers

Looking for a fast and affordable small car? Two excellent choices are the Mitsubishi Eclipse GT and the Pontiac Grand Am GT. The Pontiac Grand Am GT and the Mitsubishi Eclipse GT are similar yet different in several ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pontiac Grand Am and the Mitsubishi Eclipse are similar in that they’re both affordable and fast small cars. First, both are under $25,000 brand new, with the Grand Am GT costing around $18,000 and a Mitsubishi Eclipse GT costing $20,000. The Grand Am GT goes 0-60 in 7.5 seconds, while the Eclipse sprints 0-60 in 7.9 seconds. The average 0-60 time for a small inexpensive car is around 11 seconds. Another similarity is they both have V6 engines. The Grand Am has a responsive 3.3L 175 hp V6 with 205 lb/ft of torque. The Eclipse has a 3.0L 200 hp V6 that kicks out 205 lb/ft of torque as well. They are both small, automatic transmission cars that seat up to 5 people. The Grand Am weights in at 3,100 lb and the Eclipse weights 3,200 lb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grand Am’s and Eclipses each have a different interior and exterior design however. For example, the style on the exterior of the cars is dramatically different. The Grand Am has an exuberant styling sure to attract attention. The Eclipse, on the other hand is a nice looking car, but it doesn’t look quite as fancy or as sporty as the Grand Am because it doesn’t have the RAM intake on the hood of the car, nor does it have dual exhaust like the Grand Am GT. Another difference is in the interior design. The Grand Am’s interior is cheap looking plastic and is plainly laid out. The Eclipse interior is more attractive and just doesn’t look cheap like the Grand Am.

Rise of the Superpowers :: Superpowers International Affairs War Essays

Rise of the Superpowers It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. It seems that the maturing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be traced to World War II. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war, and its results, that caused each of these superpowers to experience such a preponderance of power. Before the war, both nations were fit to be described as great powers, but it would be erroneous to say that they were superpowers at that point. To understand how the second World War impacted these nations so greatly, we must examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power. In the years before the war, America was the world’s largest producer. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his ‘five year plans’ to modernise the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelt’s isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic desire to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It commonly widely believed that Americans entered the first World War simply in order to save industry’s capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, only expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. He signed the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerents of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerents could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to the point of concern to the USSR. Russian foreign policy was fundamentally Leninist in its concern to keep the USSR out of war. Stalin wanted to consolidate Communist power and modernise the country's industry. The Soviet Union was committed to collective action for peace, as long as that commitment did not mean that the Soviet Union would take a brunt of a Nazi attack as a result. Examples of this can be seen in the Soviet Unions’ attempts to achieve a mutual assistance treaty with Britain and France. These treaties, however, were designed more to create security for the West, as opposed to keeping all three signatories from harm. At the same time, Stalin was attempting to

Policing Reforms Essay

When reading the case study from Chapter eight in â€Å"Criminal Justice Organization† that dealt with policing reforms and how to implement those several questions were raised at the end of the chapter that I would like to address.   The first was the obstacles to those putting these reforms into place.   What were the issues and concerns of the officers when putting these new reforms into place?   Would these new supervisory reforms be accepted well with the officers and the department?   Would the fears of the community and officers be calmed by supervisors and how would the supervisors do this?   These questions I hope to answer in this essay and allow the reader to see just how effective these reforms are for a healthy society, community and police force. Policing reform includes communities as well as police departments.   Policing and community involvement, to me is more of a democratic policing for society.   Many departments have had issue with their officers and this reform.   But with contemporary styles being introduced the picture is changing.   In the article the officers at fires thought that, â€Å"More contemporary approaches to policing such as community policing ideals and practices, were â€Å"Bullshit† and coddling criminals, as far as he was concerned† (p.207). A new supervisor with the new reforms in mind came into his position with real motivation to change the face of the police department.   â€Å"Bratton had adopted an idea postulated by some Ivy League types that the erosion of quality of life in a community led towards urban decay and ultimately unchecked crime† (207).   The new supervisor had discussed with police and politicians how working with the community and their concerns actually showed a decrease in crime.   He also went on the say that this involvement with the community can be as simple as social programs that would meet individual’s basic needs to the cleaning of neighborhoods and cracking down on crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shifts in the structure of policing would need to happen.   These changes would include more concentration on â€Å"community policing principals† (207).   Other things would be creating substations or mini-stations around the community to keep officers close to their respective communities.   The ideal being the better you know you community the more effective and efficient the officers would be.  Ã‚   Creating watch groups and have weekly meeting with members of the community to pinpoint problems. What better policing than community policing.   Also, also talking with landlords and business owners on effective efforts and ways they can help to prevent drugs and drug houses moving into the community.   Enhancing direct services such as issues with community health in the article the new supervisor had even tried to implement a plan that would involve officers giving aid in transportation to health clinics and departments but liability issues prevented this from happening.   I think this will be something that we could see happening in the policing functions in the near future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The officers in the story felt that these efforts and concepts of policing reforms were just â€Å"a waste of time† (208).   They had issues with how their performance had been evaluated in the past verses how they would be evaluated after the reforms were in place.   The new policies required more involvement with the communities and getting a sense of unity with the community. â€Å"The purpose of these efforts was to get a feel for the pulse of the community and its problems† (209).   The officers had a problem with evaluations being group instead of being based on individual merit.   But in my opinion this would strengthen the department on a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police supervisors according to the article are to interact more with the officers.   Don’t use status to separate them from their subordinates getting them involved to identify problems and crime in the community making the officers the experts of their own community.   Supervisors would be seen as support and an in-between for the officers and the upper level management in the department along with being a catalyst between police and the community.   The officer in the story opposed to these changes brought in the union citing that he felt this unfair and a violation of his labor agreement, but the reforms were not seen as being unfair or a violation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I don’t believe him to be idealistic rather unmotivated to change, because once the officers saw that results for the good of the community their minds were changed very quickly.   If something works and is good for the group as a whole then ethically you would have to change your attitude. There was also improvement in officer’s jobs that could be seen, such as more say in how they thought they should do their jobs.   Since they are the ones actually on the beat forty hours or more a week, somehow being your own critic makes you the best critic for the job.   Supervisors are fundamental in addressing the fears of officers as well as communities.   A supervisor that has strong managerial skills and an ability to show strong leadership and direction would benefit any police department and help in implementing policing reform in any police department. Reference: Stojkovic, S., Kalinich, D., & Klofas, J. (2003).   Personnel, supervision, and evaluation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ch. 8.   Criminal Justice Organization.   New York: Wadsworth/Thompson

African American and American Society Essay

Is racialism a Permanent feature of American Society? Derrick ships bell argues in this come in that the prospects for achieving racial e whole step in the united States be illusory for Blacks. ships bell reminds us despite the fact of the come of dingys in United States the legacy of slavery has leftfield hand a portion of the race with life- longsighted poorness and soul devastating despair. price believes that race consciousness is so imbedded in whites that it is virtu solelyy impossible to rise supra it.He alike argues that few whites ar able to identify with fatefuls as a group and tend to diorama blacks finished comforting racial stereotypes. gong feels potently that critical and proper examination of the record of black-white relations supports his conclusion that racism is a lasting feature of American Society. Bell makes several(prenominal) good repoint close racism in the American purchase order today. The fact that the psychical part of racism is g wiz does non mean that racism as permanently left American Society. The fact that racism up to straight off go is does not reflect on blacks advantage either semipermanent.Majority of whites had a headword start because their generation of succeedner goes so m either long time back, were as for blacks succeeder was not allowed at a point in time. Blacks have come a long shipway over the years scarcely there is still racial distinction that affects the black population. Dinesh DSouza does not agree with Bell, he believes that racism is not a permanent Strain of material in the American Society. DSouza distinguishes amid racial discrimination that is irrational, motivated by bigotry and which is rational from the point of view of the discriminator. DSouza admits that such discrimination whitethorn be harmful to individual blacks hardly he rejects any casual linkage between the lagging indicators of blacks overall progress with racial discrimination. He believes rac e is a diminishing force within American society, DSouza argues that factors other(a) than racial discrimination ar the sources of lagging process toward the American Dream. DSouza reasoning for blacks not achieving more than in America is because blacks fail to maintain and embrace certain cultural norms of the superior American Society.He implies that those who atomic number 18 made exhibit cultural values that make headway success. He states blacks need to place a much greater emphasis on overcoming cultural barriers rather than continuing to swear that race is being held by a persistent racism that afflicts America. Blacks generation has come a long way in American Society. racism shouldnt be the remedy for the failure in African American success when in 1919- current we have African American first. Slavery started around 1808 and cease in 1865 callable to Lincoln emancipation Proclamation.Racism was still in number because the fact that blacks had right ons was new. Still in all there were blacks who succeed shortly afterward that time. Madame C. J. Walker was the first African American female who was a self-made millionaire. In 1893 Dr. Daniel Hale Williams was the first black to serve open heart surgery. In 1908 jack Johnson was the First African-American world giant Champion. In 1993 Toni Morrison was the first African-American to win the Nobel Prize for literature. In 2009 Barack Obama was the first black president of the United States, with the support of some whites.Racism still is permanent due to history but it is not an excuse for Blacks not becoming successful. Derrick bell study railway line is that blacks are faced at the bottom of the well. Bell exclaims despite essential progress for many, no African American is insulated from incidents of racial discrimination. He states because of our color we are threaten through our lives, careers. Dinesh DSouza states racism undoubtedly exists, but it no longer has the power to th wart blacks or any other group in achieving their economic, political, and amicable aspirations.The inclinations relates to the overall theme because yes, racism still occurs but it should not pun Blacks from achieving their aspiration. Bell major point is as a Black he experiences the racism. Blacks can clip in a white community and experience racism because whites fear the high quality of blacks. DSouza points out in his argument that racism is the least bit worries blacks should have, when there are black on black crime occurring. Racism should not be such an excuse for underclass blacks not achieving their goals.DSouza points out the facts where African Americans now live in a rural where black man, Colin Powell, who three decades ago could not be served in restaurants, is now a Joint chief staff. Also a white man who supported the nomination of Clarence Thomas, a black man marital to a white, for the Supreme Court. DSouza top dog is if white racism controls the density of blacks today, how one segment of black community has prospered so much over the past generation. some(prenominal) unsupported claims in bells argument was he says, Modern discrimination is, moreover, not dependable indiscriminately. Bell implies whites idolize black athletes and entertainers but refuse to direct and work with blacks. Bell also states whites who number individuals blacks among their closest friends approve, or do not oppose, practices that bar marketing or renting homes or apartments in their neighborhood to blacks they do not know. thusly in his argument he also states that most hotels and restaurants, who offer black patrons obliging treatment, uniformly reject black product line applicants. Bell defense for this was When did you last attend black waiter in a really good restaurant.These are unsupported claims because this may be authentic but there are no proven facts that racist is the cause of these arguments. In DSouza arguments there were not any unsupported claims really found. DSouza stated his arguments and had accurate information to support his defense. DSouza makes great points and has a lot of robustness in his arguments. He states if blacks are going to reform their community, they have a right to expect that they testament be set equally under law.Hypothetically speak DSouza implies if blacks were refused hire on both baseball team in America, blacks would run most because they would be denied the meet to cheer professional baseball. Fans would also suffer because the quality of games would diminish. He says But what if a few team-say the New York Yankees and the Los Angeles Dodgers- refused to hire blacks? African Americans has a group would hardly suffer at all, because they would offer there service to other teams. DSouza saying the Yankees and the Dodgers would suffer a great deal, because they would be deprived of the chance to hire talented blacks players.Eventually the combative pressure would for ce those teams to either hire blacks or suffer losses in games and revue. Then he makes another binding point he referenced from Gary Becker pointed out, in free market, selective discrimination imposes the heaviest appeal on the discriminator where it should be. Some whites will undoubtedly discriminate against blacks but with deal with them because of the law and taste for profit. *Dinesh DSouza is an Indian American conservative political commentator, public intellectual and current president of the superpowers College in New York City.He graduated from Dartmouth College, where he graduated with a B. A. in English. DSouza also produce a book in 2007 called The confrontation at home the cultural left and its responsibility for 9/11. In his argument DSouza used government documents, books, articles and viva voce very frequently. DSouza would state his printing and have facts and documents to support his defense. No, the scaning did not significantly add to my knowledge bec ause these are exposes that has been discussed for many years. In the article I did learn some new ways of thinking of Racism.This article did broaden my thoughts with the genuine evidence the authors used to support their defense. I would recommend this article to be read to those who do not have a clear understanding of the term racism. The mental object that was focus on in this cheek study is racism a permanent feature of American Society? The moorage study focused on political, companionable and economic issues. Bell argued blacks will neer gain full compare in American and DSouza argued that blacks have equality and racism is not important issue blacks should be worried about in today society.