Law Enforcement And The Law Enforcement Agencies Of The United States International Law Essay

Law En stormment And The Law En ram downment Agencies Of The get together res publicas multinational Law EssayLaw en military posturement has cardinal major objectives. First, impartiality en sop upment officials seek to prevent occurrence of un virtueful acts which in some way atomic number 18 detrimental to the citizens. The second objective is ensuring that people who argon suspects of crimes atomic number 18 investigated and attempt in a way that travel in line with the influence law. Law en crushment officials be withal supposed to hand over a retri providedion which is considered equitable for the crime committed.Law en lodgement nip of get together States is star amongst the three instalments of criminal legal expert system. It equivocations along with judiciary and correction armor of law. These multitudes operate independently of the new(prenominal). In appendix, judiciary has more powers over the two because it is vetted with power of making legal de terminations in regard to the conducts of the two. In addition to affecting and enforcing law and order, policing has the credibility to conduct an probe of pretend criminals and referring investigations to the courts.In addition, law en wildnessment forces at antithetical levels of governance and unlike agencies atomic number 18 commonly prudent for deterring criminal activities and preventing successful progressing crimes. In addition they be to a fault aerated with other responsibilities much(prenominal) as providing quick responses to emergencies and other incidences that pose a threat to mankind safety, defend earth facilities, government and senior officials, public infrastructure and main(prenominal)tenance of public order in public ceremonies.However, jurisprudence force is the major law enforcement power in a country. historic exclusivelyy in the linked States of America, the force was started in 1626 by foundation of impertinent York Sheriffs Office in New York City. In 1635, another force was founded in Boston town. In Boston, it is said to piddle started as a darkness watch security group over criminal activities that were distressing to the public in the town.In 1835 the security group became a patrol plane section and after the success of these security forces a modern patrol department was founded in New York City in 1845. Earlier to this time legal philosophy forces were not respected by the public because of corruption. As time went by, legal philosophy forces growthd to all other presents in the country. Later on in early 20th century, police forces were provided with grand facilities such(prenominal) as police cars, radio calls and other police facilities were introduced into the force to enhance their performance (Neocleous, 2004).In the same head, centralization of policing law enforcement officers was made. This was made through an idea from terrific Vollmer who by then was a police chief in Berkeley, Califor nia. He was a military officer before joining the force and in like manner an official in criminal justice in Europe. It this earlier fetch that is thought to have made him come up with the idea. This alter the policing observe and control in the states.In addition, he spearheaded establishment of centralized police recording system from all over the states that guide to efficient establishment of criminal investigation activities. Additionally, he is said to have innovated a lie detector in the police force that helped in investigating suspected criminals of law. Later on police commanders felt the need to train their police officers after recruitment so as to improve performance and this led to establishment of police training institutes.In 1960s, American law enforcement was improved by additional shifts and agencies at a time when government think more on participation issues. This was due to arouse of racial jot and urban conflict in the midst of the Americans. The law enforcement was forced to increase its diversity by hiring more officials so as to containment the situation. In 1990s, community policing potency was introduced. This substance was introduced in a belief that community relations would help to recognize suspects and call the attention to problems facing communities.In the unify States of America, policing law enforcement is done by respective(a) types of agencies and at miscellaneous levels. at that place are mainly three types of law enforcement officers local, state and national. They have various jurisdictions, rules and requirements. They function independently of the other exactly in some cases they are forced to cooperate. Each state of the United States of America has its own be rules and nomenclature for agencies. Their powers, responsibilities vary from state to state except for the federal force. national police have been empowered to uphold and enforce law at the federal level it is the most powerful law enforc ement agency operate within the country. In one way or the other they also make on law and public order at state and local level as well. They are aerated with the order by various parts of United States Code, to only carrying forbidden investigations which are explicitly at a lower place the power of federal government.Passage of USA Patriot act in 2001, broadened the investigative powers of federal police. The act led to the formation of a parvenu permanent police force called United States hole-and-corner(a) proceeds provide share. The force is subject to supervision of secretary of native land Security. It is empowered to feed comprises with disclose warrant for offences which are against the law hardly the said offence essential be committed in their presence or for felony recognized nether the law of the United States of America. federal police department have legion(predicate) sub-divisions that have different responsibilities. These entangle the U.S medi cine Enforcement Administration (DEA), spot of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), U.S Secret Service, Immigration and usage Enforcement, division of mother country Security, U.S Marshals Service, State section of Diplomatic Security, Customs and Border Protection, and Federal Bureau of investigating (FBI).The United States Drug Enforcement Administration is a federal police force agency which lies down the stairs United States discussion section of Justice. The force was established in 1973 a result of Reorganization Plan which was signed by president Nixon in 1973. The plan proposed formation of a federal agency which would enforce and uphold drug laws and coordinate governments drug containment activities. As a result federal offices which included Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement among others merged and formed the force.Since its formation, its head offices were located in Washington DC but later on it was relo cated to Arlington, Virginia and other offices have since been located in various cities within the country. The force is headed by executive director of Drug Enforcement who is an appointee of the president and has to be vetted by the u. senate. The administrator is required to report to the lawyer General through the office of Deputy Attorney General.Drug Abuse Law Enforcement recruits competitive personnel who then are taken through a inflexible training for 16 weeks which include firearms proficiency, and deadly force decisions tasks. For a trainee to graduate, a trainee must acquire 80 percent on training examinations. This ensures that only qualified personnel are in the force. The force does not employ candidates with history of drugs use. The force is charged with control of drug use and smuggling within the country but it can pursue drug cases which federal government is involved in outside the country.In addition, the bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a law enforcement force which falls below United States segment of Justice. The force was part of United States Department of exchequer which was formed in 1886 which then was a Revenue laboratory within the treasury. The force is charged with the responsibilities which include carrying out investigations and preventing illegal use, manufacture, monomania of illegal fire arms and explosives, arson and bombing acts, and illegal transfer of training of alcohol and tobacco products. In addition, force carries out regulation through licensing sale, possession, and trafficking of firearms, ammunition among other sensitive commodities.During the wake of terrorist attack in 2001, President Bush signed mother country Security Act into law. As a result of creation of Department of Homeland Security, the force was shifted from Department of Treasury to Department of Justice. In addition the force was charged with responsibilities of collecting federal tax revenue from tobacco a nd alcohol products and regulating functions relate to fostering public against production of such goods.The bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), is made up of different forces with each having respective responsibilities and acts infra the command of a director. Special agents of the force are empowered to conduct their own criminal investigations, defend American citizens against domestic or multinational terrorism acts and act together with state and local law enforcement forces to reduce criminal acts at national level. The force has the greatest province among all other federal police forces.The bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Special Agent hiring and training is highly competitive in equation to other federal police forces. Hired trainees do their training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center which is situated in Glynco, Georgia. The rigorous training is completed after twenty seven weeks. The training course of instruction consist of pre-Basic training for one week, criminal investigation program for 12 weeks and Special Agent Basic Training Course for the rest periodIn addition, there is United States Secret Service which is a component of federal police that forms a part of the United States Department of Homeland Security. The force is divided into two groups whereby the sworn in officials are each in the Special Agents or in the Uniformed Division. In addition, the force has two major functions first, treasury role whereby they cover prevention and investigation missions on cases such as counterfeiting of currency and treasury bonds notes, second, is preventive roles whereby the force is responsible of ensuring safety to former and current national leaders.Uniformed Division of the United States Secret Service is charged with the responsibility of providing security. This divisional force was established in 1922 as the White House Police Force, it was later integrated into secret re development in 1930.the force currently carries out protective responsibilities through a network of security posts, bicycles, vehicles, foot and pedal mode of security patrols. The force is also required to offer confine to Secret Services protection mission when need arises. other sub-division of federal police is United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The force is under United States Department of Homeland Security. It charged with responsibility of identifying, and investigating cases related to national borders. Force is headed by an officer who is appoint at storage locker level by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The force was founded in 2002 succeeding(a) the 2001 attack.Headquarters of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) are located in Washington D.C. the force comprises of four sub-divisions with each having its own director. These sub-divisions serve American citizens by providing investigation, vetoion and security. The main objecti ve of the force is to investigate and interdict cases that threaten security of the United States of America at national and international level.In addition, another crucial sub-division of the federal police is Department of Homeland Security. The force is under the cabinet of United States. It is primarily charged with the responsibility of offering protection gains to the United States and responding to national disasters. It has a sub-division called Department of Defense which is charged with the responsibility of military missions abroad. The force has the largest number of officers compared to all the others.This force is headed by secretaire of Homeland Security who is assisted by Deputy Secretary. It was founded in 2001 as a response to the terrorist attack in September 2001. Its headquarters are located in Washington D.C. following its establishment many cabinet agencies merged their responsibilities into a single unit. It is also responsible to respond to any security menacing issue within the country regardless of the states boundaries (Brodeur, 1992).However, another important sub-division of federal police force is the United States Marshals Service. The force is the oldest federal police force. It lies under the Department of Justice at federal level. It is mandated to give protection to the Department of Justice. Their main work is to protect court officials, structures, prisoners and transporting prisoners and equipments of the department. It is also responsible for issuing arrest warrants and pursuing fugitives.Marshals renovation is located in Arlington, Virginia. Force is under the authority of the Attorney General but headed by a coach. Director and State Marshals are appo9inted by the president of United States. In addition, the force is responsible for protecting witnesses and managing assets recovered from criminals. The force officials are allowed to maintain law and order even when they are off duty and tiring civilian clothing. Furthermore, there is another sub-division of the federal police called the United State Department of Diplomatic Security Agency. It is under the United States Department of State. The force has mandate of carrying out investigations around the globe. Risky threats to the security of United States are handled by this force. The force also offers personal protection to the United States Secretary of States and other dignitaries who visit the country.Local mandates of the force are carrying out investigations into endorse and passport affairs. Internationally, they are responsible for protecting embassies, and carrying out law enforcement missions of the United States. The force has the toughest hiring process to a candidate compared with all other sub-divisions of federal police force. Qualified candidates go through a six months staple fibre training program in Glynco, Georgia, thereafter joining Foreign Service Institute (FSI) which is situated in Arlington, Virginia. After trai ning an agent is appoint to a domestic tasks intended for two years prior to appeal overseas assignments (Goldsmith, 2007).Another crucial sub-division of federal police is the United States Customs and Border Protection agency. The force lies under the United States Department of Homeland Security. The force is responsible for regulation and facilitation of international portion out affairs which United States is involved. They also collect import duties and enforce regulations as stipulated by trade laws of United States. The main duty of the force is to prevent security threatening materials from entering the country through imported goods. Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C (Deflem, 2004)Lastly, another sub-division of federal law enforcement force is the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). It is in the United States Department of Justice. It is charged with the mandate of caring out investigation both locally and internationally. Headquarters of the agency are located in Washington D.C. The goal of the force is to protect and defend United States against attacks and foreign threats (Nadelmann, 1993).The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was established in 1908 as a Bureau of Investigation but its name later changed in 1935. Officials who carry out investigations are appointed by Attorney General. The force is provided with authority to use communication networks such as internet in carrying out investigations. It also has power to carry out specific investigations. The force is allowed to break into criminals residences when carrying out house see (Walker, 1977).Apart from federal police there is State Police force divisions in the United States. This is a police body which conducts law enforcement duties at state level. Each state has its own police force unmatched from the other since laws are different from one sate to the other. Their main duties are to carry out investigations at state level, patro l state highways and interstate highway highways as well. They offer personal protection to state senior officials such as the governor and visiting dignitaries. Additionally, state forces also have sub-divisions such as State Investigation Bureau, State Department of Investigations among others of forces does not amour what matters is the responsibilities of each agency (Ratcliffe.J, 2007).Additionally, there is another type of police force called county or local police force. The force exists at county level but they also have countrywide jurisdiction. The force has three sub-divisions Full service division which enforces traditional law, patrol and carrying out investigations at county level, Limited service force which perform policing duties by contract when their is need, and Restricted service which performs justice related services at county level.Lastly, there is a law enforcement agency which performs its duties at municipality level. This force is called Municipal polic e. Municipal police are under the local government and found in large towns and cities all over the country. Their responsibilities vary from one town to the other. Their jurisdiction is to control car position and collecting parking fees in towns they also monitor public service transport in the cities and ensuring no illegal trade is carried out within the town or city.In conclusion, there are many law enforcement agencies in the United States of America. The game of numbers has been played but in real sense without these forces the country will be venerable to attacks and threats from other countries around the world. A country needs security against all dexterity of criminal activities and to combat these threats a country must have in effect(p) law enforcement agencies. United States has many forces but each force has an important jurisdiction of ensuring our safety. The number of law enforcement forces does not matter, what matters is where each force is carrying out its ju risdiction as it is required by law.